Thursday, November 5, 2009

Lesson 4: The article (Vierde les: Het artikel)

Nu we leren de artikelen in het Nederlands
[Now we learn the articles in dutch]
Enkelvoud [singular]
Meervoud [plural]
Onbepald [indefinite]
een / -
-
Bepaald [definitive]
de / het
de
Note: The indefinite article (een) isn't used (-) with uncountable nouns (singular or plural).
De or het:
The complexe case is with "de" or "het", the definite articles in singular. Where should we use "het" instead of "de"? The masculine words and feminine words take "de" in dutch, "het" is for neuter.
There are no rules. Perhaps some guidelines or hints ike this (in fact when you learn a word, you have to know if it takes "de" or "het"... to memorize or to practice are the ways... dutch people will understand you even if you make a mistake with "de" or "het"):

Het-nouns:
- All words ending in "-um", "-aat", "-isme". Exceptions: "-aat" nouns that refer persons (de advocaat, ...) and "de prostaat" (prostate).
- All diminutives: "het autootje" (the little car).
- All infinitives useds as nouns: "het komen" (the coming).
- All nouns of the type "the good thing"/"the bad thing": het moie (the good  thing), het belangrijkste (the most important thing).

- All names of languages (het nederlands, het spaans). Note: the word "taal" (language) is a de-word: de taal.

De-nouns:
- Most liquids take "de". Exceptions: "het water", "het fruitsap", "het bier".
- Most vehicles take "de". Exceptions: "het vliegtuig".
- Most words referring to people take "de": "de broer", "de moeder", "de professor", "de meneer"...Exceptions: "het kind, "het meisje". Note: if some words leave no doubt about their genders (masculine or feminine), you must use "de".
- Nouns ending in "-ing" (these nouns are derive from verbs).
- Nouns ending in "-tie", "-thie", "-sie" and "-or". The "-or" ending is for masculine, the others are for feminine (remember: masculine and feminine words take "de" in dutch; "het" is for neuter).
- Nouns ending in "-aar", "-eur", "-er".

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